Profesionales De La Psicología Como Docentes En Los Conservatorios De Música: Hacia Una Educación Musical Sostenible / Psychology Professionals As Teachers In Music Conservatories: Towards A Sustainable Music Education

La psicología de la música, pese a su trayectoria durante el siglo XX, no ha logrado tener consecuencias directas en las prácticasde los conservatorios de música. En España, la Asociación Española de Psicología de la Música y la Interpretación Musical (AEPMIM, 2015) propició la confluencia de profesionales especializados en esta área que estaban dispersos por todo el territorio nacional. Entre sus iniciativas destaca la urgencia de incorporar psicólogos profesionales a los conservatorios para procurar lamejora de la salud psicológica y el rendimiento del alumnado dentro de una actividad tan exigente como la musical. En 2019 seconstituyó dentro de AEPMIM un grupo formado principalmente por psicólogos que ejercen como docentes en conservatorios españoles. En este trabajo se muestran las principales actividades llevadas a cabo en ellos a partir de unos valores globales comunes que pretenden servir de guía para una educación musical sostenible. (AU)

Despite its history throughout the 20th century, the psychology of music was not able to have a direct impact on the practices ofmusic conservatoires. In the case of Spain, the Spanish Association for the Psychology of Music and Music Performance (AEPMIM,2015) led to a confluence of professionals in this field who were scattered throughout the country. Among its initiatives was theurgency of incorporating psychology professionals into conservatories as the main way to ensure the improvement of psychologicalhealth and student performance in an activity as demanding as music. In 2019, a group was constituted within the AEPMIM, mainlymade up of professional psychologists who work as teachers in Spanish conservatoires. This work shows the main activities carriedout by this group based on common global values that are intended to serve as a guide for sustainable music education. (AU)

Variation in posture quality across musical instruments and its impact during performances.

OBJECTIVE: Bad posture increases the risk that a musician may suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared posture quality required by different instruments or families of instruments. METHODS: Using an ad-hoc postural observation instrument embracing 11 postural variables, four experts evaluated the postures of 100 students attending a Spanish higher conservatory of music. RESULTS: The agreement of the experts' evaluations was statistically confirmed by a Cohen's κ value between 0.855 and 1.000 and a Kendall value between 0.709 and 1.000 (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, χ2 tests revealed significant association between instrument families and seated posture with respect to pelvic attitude, dorsal curvature and head alignment in both sagittal and frontal planes. This analysis also showed an association between instrument families and standing posture with respect to the frontal plane of the axis of gravity, pelvic attitude, head alignment in the frontal plane, the sagittal plane of the shoulders and overall posture. CONCLUSIONS: While certain postural defects appear to be common to all families of instruments, others are more characteristic of some families than others. The instrument associated with the best posture quality was the bagpipe, followed by percussion and strings.

Musicians, postural quality and musculoskeletal health: A literature's review.

OBJECTIVE: An analysis of the salient characteristics of research papers published between 1989 and 2015 that evaluate the relationship between postural quality during musical performance and various performance quality and health factors, with emphasis on musculoskeletal health variables. METHODS: Searches of Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar for papers that analysed the subject of the study objective. The following MeSH descriptors were used: posture; postural balance; muscle, skeletal; task performance and analysis; back; and spine and music. A descriptive statistical analysis of their methodology (sample types, temporal design, and postural, health and other variables analysed) and findings has been made. The inclusion criterion was that the body postural quality of the musicians during performance was included among the target study variables. RESULTS: Forty-one relevant empirical studies were found, written in English. Comparison and analysis of their results was hampered by great disparities in measuring instruments and operationalization of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing interest in the relationships among these variables, the empirical knowledge base still has many limitations, making rigorous comparative analysis difficult.

Common postural defects among music students.

Postural quality during musical performance affects both musculoskeletal health and the quality of the performance. In this study we examined the posture of 100 students at a Higher Conservatory of Music in Spain. By analysing video tapes and photographs of the students while performing, a panel of experts extracted values of 11 variables reflecting aspects of overall postural quality or the postural quality of various parts of the body. The most common postural defects were identified, together with the situations in which they occur. It is concluded that most students incur in unphysiological postures during performance. It is hoped that use of the results of this study will help correct these errors.